To our knowledge there is currently no published research examining the effect of multiple energy drink brands on economy and cardiovascular measures in one study. While taurine acts as a neurotransmitter it is also thought to have an anti-hypertensive effect ( 5, 20). Taurine is an amino acid that acts as a neurotransmitter ( 5, 20, 35). Taurine has also been shown to increase performance ( 4, 21, 40). ![]() The amount of caffeine contained in each energy drink varies greatly. Caffeine is a psychoactive drug known to allay fatigue and improve endurance performance and is one of the most widely used drugs in the world ( 6, 8, 10, 15, 21, 22, 25, 27, 34).In previous research caffeine has been shown to improve performance ( 8, 10, 15, 21, 22, 25, 34). Caffeine is the primary ingredient found within energy drinks that may alter performance and cardiovascular measures. ![]() The other ingredients found in energy drinks have not been shown to significantly impact performance, or that the quantity of the substance in the energy drink is not large enough to elicit a physiological response ( 16). Of all the ingredients found in energy drinks only caffeine and taurine have been shown to consistently produce a positive effect on performance ( 16). The paucity of scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness and safety of the use of energy drinks to improve athletic performance is problematic for communicating with the general public regarding the appropriate use of energy drinks during performance ( 23).Įnergy drinks contain various amounts of caffeine, taurine and vitamins. While some countries regulate advertising of energy drinks for sport performance and other countries ban energy drinks out right due to adverse effects, the United States has done neither ( 3, 16). It is also unknown how many of these visits are related to the use of energy drinks in an athletic context. While caffeine is known to moderately increase blood pressure and heart rate, energy drinks contain other substances andthe underlying reasons for these emergency room visits have yet to be fully elucidated ( 24, 28, 36). allergic reaction, cardiovascular event, etc.) and the number of energy drinks ingested per incident was also not reported. It is unclear as to what caused the visits (i.e. However, the details of these visits are not given. It was reported in 2011 that there were 20,783 emergency room visits involving energy drinks, with 58% of those visits (12,054) due to energy drinks alone ( 39). emergency department visits involving energy drinks doubled over the last 5 years ( 39). The Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN), a public health surveillance system, has been monitoring the increasing number of negative medical consequences associated with consuming energy drinks. The significant rise in the use energy drinks for sport performance has led to increased scrutiny as physicians and scientists have identified health concerns associated with these products ( 2, 37). (2003) found that 73% of collegiate athletes use energy drinks to enhance performance.Energy drink sales have increased substantially since their introduction in the United States and most of the growth in the soft drink market share is attributable to sales of energy drinks ( 16). Hoyte, Albert and Heard (2013) found that over 80% of college athletes reported using energy drinks to potentially enhance their performance and Froiland et al. A potential reason athletes use energy drinks may, in part,be due to the manufacturers of these products targeting their advertising directly toward athletes by claiming improved sport performance. Use of energy drinks to promote improved athletic performance has become common among athletes in recent history ( 11, 19).
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